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KMID : 1103720110650020181
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Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
2011 Volume.65 No. 2 p.181 ~ p.189
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Imaging and Clinical Features of Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents
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Lee Kang-Young
Hong Hyun-Suk
Lee Eun-Hye
Yi Boem-Ha
Lee Hae-Kyung
Lee Yong-Wha
Koh Eun-Seok
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Abstract
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Purpose: To evaluate clinical and imaging features of pediatric thyroid cancer, including BRAFV600E mutation status in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).
Materials and Methods: We evaluated clinical findings including BRAFV600E status, ultrasound (US), and CT features of 13 pediatric patients with thyroid cancer. US findings were retrospectively analyzed for location, presence of a nodule, echotexture, echogenicity, calcifications, margin, shape, intranodular vascularity and abnormal lymph nodes. CT characteristics of the lesions, including attenuation, calcification, and measured degree of enhancement, were assessed.
Results: The patients included three boys and ten girls with a mean age of 15.5 years (range 6-18 years). No patient was exposed to radiation. Palpable neck mass was the most common presentation. Eleven of 13 patients (84.6%) were diagnosed with PTC, and two (15.4%) had follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Nine of 13 (69.2%) had high T-staging. BRAFV600E mutations were detected in 30.0% of PTC patients. A diffusely enlarged thyroid with calcifications (n = 2) or nodules (n = 7) was detected on US. All PTC nodules showed malignant US findings and one FTC displayed on indeterminate nodule. Nodules generally showed low attenuation on enhanced CT (n = 11/12).
Conclusion: US demonstrated enlarged glands with calcifications or nodules. Diffusely enlarged thyroids with microcalcifications should be evaluated using fine-needle aspiration. A low attenuation nodule was a common finding on enhanced CT.
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KEYWORD
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Thyroid Neoplasms , Child , Ultrasonography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-Raf
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